会议名称：“2021世界木材日”研讨会暨第三届国际林联（IUFRO） 林产品文化研究组讨论会
会议时间：2021年3月21日

报告嘉宾：Mahdi Mubarok
嘉宾简介：A researcher of Forest Product Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University

摘要：
European beech (Fagus sylvatica) is one of the most important hardwood species in Europe, being used for many applications, especially for interior destinations. However, its low dimensional stability and poor biological durability are the main drawbacks of this species, limiting its utilization for exterior purposes. Based on these reasons, this study, namely the “VALBEECH” project, organized between France (University of Lorraine) and Germany (Göttingen University) aimed to improve European beech properties through different environmentally friendly wood modification techniques. In general, this research was divided into three parts.
In Part I, the wood modification was performed through a combination between mild chemical modification and thermal treatment. Screening and comparison studies were conducted through impregnation of a low concentration of chemicals as an aqueous additive solution (10% w/w) into the wood, followed with drying (103 or 120°C) and thermal modification (150, 180, 200, or 220°C). Vinylic derivatives of polyglycerol or glycerol, as well as maleic anhydride in a single form, were used as additives. In Part II, up-scaling trials of the best treatments chosen from Part I was demonstrated. A variation on additive concentrations and curing conditions performed under oven heating (OHT) in an open system or under heat pressurized steam (HPS) in a closed system were examined. In Part III, with a similar polyesterification-based bulk modification performed in Part I & II, the wood modification was based on in-situ polyesterification of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA). Impregnation of different concentrations of aqueous SorCA solution (10, 20, 30, 55%) followed with drying at 103°C and curing at 140 or 160°C was performed. Various parameter analysis during and after wood modification, such as physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological durability properties, were evaluated. Results from Part I and II disclosed that the wood modified with polyglycerol/glycerol maleate or maleic anhydride in the opened system presented significantly better biological durability, especially during the first and second field test studies for almost every one-year period in Bogor, Indonesia. While, in Part III, the wood modified with SorCA 30% followed with curing condition either at 140 or 160°C was considered as the optimum condition for beech modification. Overall, the biological (white-rot, brown-rot, soft-rot, termites) and certain physical properties greatly increased. In addition, thermogravimetry study evidenced that the modified wood possibly has certain fire-retardant properties. However, certain mechanical properties decreased considerably due to treatments. Nevertheless, this study has provided alternatives for environmentally friendly wood modification treatment.

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